Pigment Changes - Pigment in the skin is created by cells known as melanocytes that reside in the basal (bottom) layer of the epidermis. They create a chemical called melanin that is taken up by the normal skin cells hence the slow process in developing a tan. The most potent stimulator of pigment cells is sunlight, especially UVA.

Abnormal Pigment   There are many factors that can cause abnormal pigment in the skin. One of the most common is Melasma or Chloasma that occurs in women of childbearing age that is exacerbated by pregnancy and some oral contraceptives.   Treatment   Treatment of this is by a combination of sun protection, skin care, avoidance of inappropriate hormones and use of depigmenting agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid or azeleic acid. Lentigos (sometimes called liver spots) typically appear on the back of the hands and on the face. The are flat, light brown areas that do not itch or scale. Photofacial Rejuvenation   They are caused by sun damage and usually require either medium depth peels or laser to remove. The very latest technology to treat some aspects of sun damaged skin is Photofacial Rejuvenation. Using the concept of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) to do a series of treatments to sun damaged skin, this technique can improve the appearance of brown spots, blood vessels, open pores and fine lines. The big advantage is that there is usually no down time with this type of treatment making it an excellent choice for busy people who cannot afford down time.   Inflammation   Any condition that causes inflammation of the skin (such as acne, boils or burns) can cause over activity in melanocytes and increase in pigment levels. This is generally best treated with depigmenting agents and skin care but occasionally Laser may be required. No matter what the cause of increased pigment, sun protection using reflective sunscreens is the key element.     Back to Treatments...